But while Rudolph’s bright red nose has always thought to be unique, it’s recently been discovered that he is not alone. The poem describes St. Nicholas with eight reindeer and gives them their names. Many scientists believe that Rudolph's nose has that same ability. Home › Quirky › Why Rudolph’s Nose is Red. However, they likely have thicker nose skin that keeps the red color from showing through their nose. The plexus, or Kiesselbach’s area, was clearly visible in the anterior nasal septum (fig 2). The dark band is the harness. According to researchers, the reason Rudolph’s nose glows red is that it has a rich supply of red blood cells, regulating brain temperature and protecting itself from freezing. The pathophysiology of many nasal conditions, such as congestion and epistaxis, is based on the regulatory mechanisms of the microcirculation. Like Rudolph, they need a lot of energy. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a Stop Motion animated Christmas Special based on the classic storybook by Robert L. May, made by Rankin/Bass Productions and first broadcast on NBC (under the General Electric Fantasy Hour umbrella) in 1964.. A Mann-Whitney test was used for non-parametric comparative analysis of perfused vessel density and microvascular flow index. It has already proved a very valuable experience for the students involved - one student recently secured a funded PhD studentship at Warwick University and he mentioned his involvement in the production of this paper definitely played a part.” Rudolph’s story began with a ... first LED light bulb capable of emitting visible red light in 1962—the same bulb used for Rudolph’s bioluminescent nose. Santa Claus is Comin' to Town (1970) offered viewers a further look at Kris Kringle's origins, but 1969's Frosty the Snowman is quite different. Fireflies are another animal that are bioluminescent. His nose doesn't have thick skin, so the red color shows through instead of the normal black color. Quantification of the nasal microcirculation in the healthy volunteers showed a mean perfused vessel density of 15 (SD 3.2) mm/mm2 with a microvascular flow index of 3.0 arbitrary units. "Rudolph with your nose so bright, won't you guide my sleigh tonight?" Another thing that contributes to the color of Rudolph's nose is the cold weather. We thank Santa Claus for his enthusiastic support. 0 Share on Facebook. Histological studies would need to be carried out to determine the exact function of these gland-like structures. The increased blood flow can turn the nose a rosy red during exertion – … Do you know all eight names? At least everyone wanted to do the Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer movie and TV special! Besides glowing, Rudolph’s nose gives him a few advantages over the other reindeer on Santa’s team. Scientists believe that Rudolph has more red blood cells in his nose than the average reindeer. They became really well known in the song 'Rudolph the Red nosed Reindeer', written in 1949. Unlike Santa and Rudolph, Frosty the Snowman is a cel-animated special, not stop-motion. Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer had a very shiny nose, but why? We haven't explained how reindeer fly, but we know why a red nose … If you saw a reindeer under a special UV light, then ALL of their noses would look pretty red. But there is a nice ending too. Little is recognized about these otherwise ordinary beasts before a now famous poem was published anonymously in 1823. Enjoy all of the fizzy fun of a bath bomb in the comfort of your shower with this cherry-scented delight that foams up so you can gently cleanse your body. Using hand-held vital video microscopy for imaging the human nasal microcirculation in health, interventions, and disease, we were able to solve an age old mystery. Rudolph’s most well-known recording is probably the Rankin-Bass stop-motion animation created in 1964. While Rudolph is most famous for his nose Santa and Victor both are quick to say what a strong, fast and exceptional athlete Rudolph is and that people should appreciate him just as much for his work as one of Santa’s reindeer. Unfortunately, that red nose comes with an unfortunate side effect. This partly true version of the story appeared in an email contributed by reader Jeanine P. <> Sam the Snowman: "Well, For the first year, the Donner's did a pretty fair job of hiding Rudolph's, uh, nonconformity. Q: Why does Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer fly? Reproduced with permission of Kia Krarup Hansen. The story about the young reindeer who used his bright red nose to guide Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve was originally featured in a booklet published by the department store named Montgomery Ward. Scattered crypt or gland-like structures surrounded by capillaries containing flowing red blood cells were found in human and reindeer noses. The Winterbolt is trying to make North Pole his evil wonderland, and it is up to Frosty the Snowman, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and other icons to stop him. But the truth of it is that my face turns a bright red rivaling Rudolph’s nose with only a few sips of wine, thanks to my genetics. Results Similarities between human and reindeer nasal microcirculation were uncovered. He doesn't want to build toys; he wants to be free. The nasal microcirculation has important physiological roles such as heating, filtering, and humidifying inhaled air, controlling inflammation, transporting fluid for mucous formation, and delivering oxygen to the nasal parenchymal cells. However, as he got older, Rudolph learned how to make his nose glow so that it was ready when he really needed it. Santa's reindeer, including Rudolph, need to have a lot of blood moving to and from their face and brains to help with breathing, thinking, and moving. Rudolph was very close to never having his signature red-nose, after May contemplated whether a drunkard style red nose was suitable for the popular Christmas children’s story. Why is rudolphs nose red joke - Here we will look into who Santas original reindeer are, where Rudolph started, and just why as well as become so popular.. Have been in Santas original reindeer aline? Why 1964's Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Is Awful Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Is a Terrible Story, and You Can't Convince Me Otherwise December 20, 2019 by Alicia Betz Inclusion criteria were adult non-smokers aged 18 years or more with no history of systemic or nasal disease and who were not taking prescribed drugs. An interesting finding was the presence of gland-like structures in the nasal mucosa. We do not capture any email address. Donner looks at her and she kisses Rudolph’s nose again.) Directed by Larry Roemer. A: Because he can’t drive. According to the least fun explanation, Rudolph’s red nose is a physiological reaction to the extreme cold of the North Pole. This is an extremely cold temperature for any animal, even reindeer. Moreover, vascular reactivity of the nasal mucosa was tested in one of the healthy volunteers by local application of 100 mg cocaine,2 a drug routinely used in ear, nose, and throat medicine as a local anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor. This helps them to breathe in the extreme cold of the North Pole. Tapir Academic Press, 2005. A: You ring his deer-bell. Unlike other elves, he does not enjoy making toys, and instead prefers to pursue a career in dentistry, and is teased by other elves because … There is a sad part to all of this. The latest news in entertainment from USA TODAY, including pop culture, celebrities, movies, music, books and TV reviews. It turns out, there's a scientific explanation for Rudolph's famous red glowing nose. Hairpin-like vasculature was absent in the grade 3 nasal polyp (panel C). Jesus, is there some pre-existing superstition in Reindeer society that a red nose is the mark of the devil? The North Pole has an average temperature of -40 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. 01099. (READ: … During cold weather, the body must work a little harder to make sure blood gets everywhere it needs to go. In Guild Wars Nightfall, the player is teamed with Rudy, a reindeer whose nose glows red when a player closes in on the presents needed for a Christmas quest. is it because he thinks its red nose day all the time or what ?? Rudolph has even made appearances, like other major celebrities, in video games. Apparently what we wanted next was 55 minutes of Christmas-crushing despair: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Scientists in the Netherlands published a report about just why Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's nose is, in fact, red. technical support for your product directly (links go to external sites): Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ. Why Rudolph has a red nose: Scientists show the reindeer's shiny schnoz helps him pull Santa's heavy sleigh round the world. In a healthy volunteer, nasal microvascular reactivity was demonstrated by the application of a local anaesthetic with vasoconstrictor activity, which resulted in direct cessation of capillary blood flow. Have you ever wondered just what exactly makes Rudolph so special? While other reindeer have black noses, the high number of red blood cells in Rudolph's nose may cause it to have a red color. Legends say, Rudolph's bight red nose helped guide Santa Claus's sleigh on the cold night of Christmas Eve. Rudolph's Christmas Trivia Quiz Game Pic ture s & Jokes . Studies have been hampered mainly by the unavailability of techniques suitable for assessing the nose and by difficulties with nasal access from cumbersome microscopes. LPF and ASB designed and performed the study on reindeer. Proudly show off your Christmas spirit with the ProductWorks 32-Inch Pre-Lit Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Christmas Yard Decoration. Reproduced with permission of the Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø. In 1939, illustrator and children’s book author Robert May created Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Q: Why did the Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer spell Christmas N-O-E? Fig 2 Microcirculation in anterior septum of healthy human volunteers (panel A), showing hairpin-like vessels in a circular configuration. That’s because a group of European researchers have found something unusual about the species of reindeer known as […] Rudolph's nose shines. Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer the Movie is an animated film that was released on October 16, 1998 by Goodtimes Entertainment. Top with a mini red pompom for Rudolph’s nose — of course. Why is Rudolph’s nose red? The extra red blood cells in his nose help it from freezing and gives him energy to lead the sleigh by carrying more oxygen-rich blood. It's about Rudolph, Santa Claus's ninth reindeer and son of Donner. Conclusions The nasal microcirculation of reindeer is richly vascularised, with a vascular density 25% higher than that in humans. It's basically impossible at this time of year to avoid hearing the song "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer," the touching tale of an Arctic herbivore whose nose emits red light. Christmas Mushroom Decoration Ideas. This seemed to be the Daddy’s favourite activity on the trip…I wonder why! Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; CI is the inventor of sidestream dark field imaging technology and holds shares in MicroVision Medical and was a consultant for this company more than four years ago but has had no further contact with the company since then. All reindeers have many more blood vessels in their noses than humans have. Directed by Jules Bass, Arthur Rankin Jr.. With Red Buttons, Ethel Merman, Mickey Rooney, Alan Sues. Hairpin-like capillaries in the reindeers’ nasal septal mucosa were rich in red blood cells, with a perfused vessel density of 20 (SD 0.7) mm/mm2. The microcirculation of the nasal mucosa in reindeer is richly vascularised and 25% denser than that in humans. Rudolph's History In Pop Culture Explained Rudolph was first created by Robert Lewis May in 1939 as Santa's ninth and less experienced reindeer. In addition, the configuration of the vasculature surrounding the gland-like structures on the inferior turbinate was the same as that of other capillary loops found in other mucosal tissue surfaces. Such structures were also identified in the two reindeer, although the vascularisation was slightly different and of a higher density than in the human volunteers. Some animals have a trait known as “bioluminescence.” This is a fancy word that refers to an animal's ability to create its own light. 5 out of 5 Customer Rating. 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Songs 4 Books 5 Notes 6 Trivia The film begins in Santa's Village where the Sprites of the Northern Lights perform a light show in the sky which makes Santa and his wife Mrs. Claus wonder what the occasion is (Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer). Blix AS. The Science Behind Rudolph's Red Nose. The microcirculation was imaged using a hand-held intravital video microscopy system (sidestream dark field imaging technology).8 One investigator (AMvK) obtained clinical measurements of the volunteers in one room kept at a constant temperature of 22°C (SD 1°C). oxygen/Getty Images. Scientists believe that Rudolph has more red blood cells in his nose than the average reindeer. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode. Based on the central role of the nasal microcirculation16 17 18 19 in the temperature regulation of reindeers’ brain and an appreciation of the importance of this for flying reindeer who have to deal with extremes of temperature while pulling a sleigh, we hypothesised that the infamous red nose of the most well known of Santa Claus’s reindeers, Rudolph, would originate from a rich vascular anatomy with a high functional density of microvessels. Contributors: CI conceived, designed, and supervised the study and together with AMvK drafted the manuscript. With Billie Mae Richards, Burl Ives, Larry D. Mann, Paul Soles. Objective To characterise the functional morphology of the nasal microcirculation in humans in comparison with reindeer as a means of testing the hypothesis that the luminous red nose of Rudolph, one of the most well known reindeer pulling Santa Claus’s sleigh, is due to the presence of a highly dense and rich nasal microcirculation. The arrangement of the capillaries varied with location, with only the tops or arches of the loops visible in some areas and the entire loop structure with its afferent and efferent arms visible in other areas. In all volunteers the contrast of the nasal mucosa was enough to visualise the microcirculation, which consisted of flowing red blood cells (fig 2⇓; also see the supplementary video recording). Also, we evaluated the utility of hand-held video microscopy to identify irregular microcirculatory networks in nasal disease by assessing a patient with grade 3 polyposis. Participants were seated upright in a chair with their head on a headrest. Data sharing: No additional data available. Santa and Elf Victor have studied Rudolph’s nose for many years to understand why it is the way it is. Five healthy volunteers (four men and one woman, mean age 30 (SD 8) years), of which one was exposed to a cocaine challenge to test vascular reactivity of the nasal mucosa, and a male patient with grade 3 nasal polyposis agreed to participate in the study. Discrete, circularly arranged capillaries were observed throughout the nasal mucosa in all the healthy volunteers. Santa's Magic Photo Albums Photos of the North Pole Photos of Santa's North Pole Toy Workshop Photos of Santa Claus's Castle Reindeer Barn Photographs Photos of the GrinchyClaus! This helps Rudolph fly as fast as he can. Measurements were carried out at room temperature (18°C (SD 1°C)) on two adult reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, fig 1⇓) under light anaesthesia using a single intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride (Zalopine; Orion, Espoo, Finland) delivered by a dart syringe.20 We used the hand-held microscope to video record and quantify the properties of the nasal microcirculation.21 22 Anaesthesia was terminated by an intramuscular injection of 0.7 mg/kg atipamezole hydrochloride (Antisedan; Orion). Despite the important role of nasal mucosa in health and disease, few studies have dealt with the function and morphology of its microcirculation in humans. WITH MUD WITH SPRAY PAINT WITH DUCT TAPE WITH CHARCOAL When Santa warns Donner that Rudolph won't make the sleigh team because of his nose, Donner decides to hide the deformity by covering it with mud . Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Photo: CBS /Landov. Abnormal microvasculature was observed in the patient with nasal polyposis. 50 years of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" 02:14 "What happens is that at night, the animals are trying to dilate their pupils to allow as much light … Why Rudolph’s Nose is Red By ThorNews on December 18, 2012 • ( 0). The functional vascular density of the reindeers’ nasal mucosa was 25% higher than that in humans (fig 3). Adaptation Displacement: "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer" originated with a book published in 1939 for a department store's Christmas marketing, which pre-dates the Rankin/Bass special by twenty-five years, the song by ten years, and is almost forgotten. In addition, the nasal microvasculature of the patient with nasal polyposis was irregular and the characteristic angioarchitecture and hairpin-like capillaries were absent (fig 2). This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. A: Because he’s a rain-deer. How would his nose get so bright, though? Their website explains that they now use a combination of radar, satellites that “detect Rudolph’s bright red nose with no problem,” and jet fighters. Using the novel technique of hand-held vital video microscopy we characterised the microvasculature of the human nose and applied the same technique to reindeer for comparative purposes. Despite successfully imaging the nasal microcirculation of both the human volunteers and the reindeer, we were limited by the diameter of the light guide on the video microscope (1 cm), at least in the humans, and could obtain measurements on only certain nasal surfaces. Plus, the firetruck-red cap of the fly agaric stands out on brown forest floors just like Rudolph’s red nose sticks out in the night sky! Since this particular red and white mushroom is poisonous to eat, we don’t recommend hanging a real one on your tree. In the same movie, we see the story of one elf who doesn't buy into the twisted elven Caste system. The most famous reindeer of all, Rudolph, had a red nose. The microvasculature of the inferior turbinate presented a characteristic hairpin-like morphology analogous to other mucosal tissue surfaces. Rudolph's nose glows because it has a trait called "bioluminescence", which means Rudolph's nose has the ability to create its own light. Rudolph’s nose is red because it is richly supplied with red blood cells, comprises a highly dense microcirculation, and is anatomically and physiologically adapted for reindeer to carry out their flying duties for Santa Claus. The introduction of hand-held intravital video microscopes has enabled direct visualisation of the microcirculation in human organs but has not previously been applied to the nasal microcirculation, These instruments could be used to unlock the mystery of why Rudolph, the legendary flying reindeer, has a bright red nose, The nasal microcirculation in humans consists of hairpin-like vessels, microcirculatory networks, and crypt-like structures surrounded by capillaries, By comparison, reindeer have a more richly vascularised nasal microcirculation, with a vascular density 25% higher than that in humans, This high vascular density answers the age old mystery of why Rudolph has a bright red nose. These practical concerns may be resolved by the introduction of a third generation hand-held intravital imaging computer controlled sensor based microscope.9. In fact, scientists think that all of Santa's reindeer have more red blood cells that an average reindeer that doesn't have to fly and pull his sleigh. Though he initially receives ridicule for his nose as a fawn, the brightness of his nose is so powerful that it illuminates the team's path through harsh winter weather. Moreover, the nasal mucosa plays an important part in the uptake of drugs and responses to allergens. Copyright © 2021 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd     京ICP备15042040号-3, Why Rudolph’s nose is red: observational study, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode, St Vincent's University Hospital: Non Consultant Hospital Doctor (NCHD) Vacancies, Isle of Man Government: Speciality Doctor in Paediatrics, Women’s, children’s & adolescents’ health. Real time intravital video microscopy images of reindeer nasal microcirculatory network with hairpin-like (panel B) and related ring-like vasculature (panel C), similar to human nasal microcirculation. He was as keen as us to unravel the mystery of his friend’s nose. SUGGESTED CATEGORIE Health > Diseases & Conditions > Allergies lol You may have noticed that your own nose turns red when you're out in the cold for a long time. Further miniaturisation of the dimensions of nasal endoscopes and conventionally used imaging probes for video microscopy should resolve this limitation, allowing a more comprehensive evaluation of the nasal microcirculation. On a foggy Christmas Eve, Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer saved the day by using his unique nose to guide Santa on his holiday travels. All of these factors have come together to give Rudolph the glowing red nose that's helped Santa save Christmas more than once. Yes, I’m a real killjoy. Reindeer, it turns out, have 25 percent more capillaries carrying blood in their noses. That explains why Rudolph’s nose glows, but what about it’s red color? ... Then use the radiant red foam to lightly cleanse and soften your skin right in the shower. 5) How does Donner hide Rudolph's red nose? As this effect cannot be properly justified in a static image, we produced a video recording (see supplementary material). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. Offline data analysis was by semi-automated microvascular imaging software developed by our group.22 We quantified the vascular density of blood vessels <25 μm to determine the perfused vessel density (mm vessel/mm2) and the microvascular flow index: absent (0), intermittent (1), sluggish (2), or normal (3).21. 2. This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Interestingly, the reindeers’ microcirculation was pumped in pulsatile intervals with a complete lack of red blood cells in the lumen of the microvasculature during diastole followed by forceful flow hyperaemia during systole. Setting Tromsø, Norway (near the North Pole), and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. While other reindeer have black noses, the high number of red blood cells in Rudolph's nose may cause it to have a red color. Some years ago, Odd Halvorsen, a scientist at the University of Oslo, suggested that maybe the reason Rudolph’s nose was red was that he had a respiratory parasitic infection. High quality images were obtained from the nasal septum and the inferior turbinate. Fig 3 Infrared image of a reindeer’s head after a treadmill test shows the presence of a red nose (arrow, panel A).23 Colours represent different temperatures: blue 15°C, white 19°C, and red 24°C. Mr. May made enough money from Rudolph's story to pay off all the money he owed taking care of his wife. None of the volunteers experienced discomfort or pain during imaging. Hermey the Misfit Elf (now named Hermey the Elf, D.D.S) is one of Santa Claus' elves, and the deuteragonist in the 1964 television special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and its 2001 sequel Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys. Besides glowing, Rudolph’s nose gives him a few advantages over the other reindeer on Santa’s team. These factors explain why the nose of Rudolph, the lead flying reindeer employed by Santa Claus to pull his sleigh, is red and well adapted to carrying out his duties in extreme temperatures.⇓. The outermost part of Rudolph's nose, however, would be a red phosphorescent layer -- once the light-producing organ started creating light, the phosphorescent part of his nose would absorb the green light and emit a red light. Nope, it's not just Rudolph being condemned for his differences. We recruited five consecutive volunteers from the department of otorhinolaryngology in the Academic Medical Center. Arctic animals. They contributed equally to the study. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964) is one of the most well-known Rankin/Bass Christmas specials of all time, partly because it was the first. It turns out that we've all be adding to poor Rudolph's misery by … Q: Why is Rudolph always wet? Main outcome measures Architecture of the microvasculature of the nasal septal mucosa and head of the inferior turbinates, kinetics of red blood cells, and real time reactivity of the microcirculation to topical medicines. With his very shiny nose, Rudolph guides Santa’s sleigh even through the harshest of weather, but exactly why is his nose so red? The before and after vascular reactivity test shows a decrease from baseline vascular density and perfusion after application of cocaine (panel B). The central circular structure seemed to be a gland for the excretion of mucous. But he likely wasn’t the only reindeer affected. Click on Rudolph's nose to find out! Christmas Parade Pictures Jokes for Kids Christmas Knock Knock Jokes Elf Jokes for Kids The outermost part of Rudolph's nose, however, would be a red phosphorescent layer...once the light-producing organs, providing enough reactions for … Rudolph's nose is proof that we should love the things that make us a little. All authors have contributed to and approved the final manuscript. Why Is Rudolph's Nose Red? Mr. May's wife had become very sick and died while May was writing Rudolph's story. Those extra blood cells help protect Rudolph’s nose from freezing, even when flying through a blizzard. Who really wrote Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, and why?According to a widely circulated story, the character was created by Montgomery Ward copywriter Bob May to console his 4-year-old daughter after her mother died of cancer. If you are unable to import citations, please contact The capillaries contained a central lumen-like structure (large circular structure in fig 2) and were observed at different locations throughout the nasal septum. A: Because he overheard Santa say “No L” when he walked by. All the other reindeers made fun of Rudolph for his red nose … The other reindeer depend on his red nose when bad weather makes it hard for Santa to deliver presents to children across the world. ­Many people associate Christmas and the holiday season with snow, even if we hardly ever get snow where we live. Item No. Much like fireflies and deep-sea creatures, Rudolph can activate the light in his nose as needed with a chemical reaction. After all, he's the only known reindeer with a bright red nose that also happens to glow. When Rudolph was a young buck, he couldn't control the red glow of his nose. The third part is where the "red nosed reindeer" part comes in. As he got older, he learned to control the red glow and only use it when he needs it. Most bioluminecent life forms, like fireflies, produce green light. <> (Sam's voice-over): Rick Bezemer of the Department of Translational Physiology of the Academic Medical Center vouches for the validity of the study. According to Norwegian scientists, Rudolph’s red nose is more than likely the result … Back to our hotel for a fantastic buffet style dinner which had something for everything especially the kids. Back with construction paper and tie with a festive ribbon. twice as bright!” per Robert L. May’s original manuscript. Rudolph's nose has more red blood cells than the average reindeer's nose which causes it to have the red color. Share on Twitter. We considered P values of differences less than 0.05 to be significant. Some early studies used laser Doppler flowmetry,1 2 3 4 but most information on the microcirculation of the healthy and diseased human nose is from immunohistochemical studies on biopsied material.5 6, Rudolph's nose is red, as seen under thermal imaging, The introduction of hand-held intravital video microscopes has enabled direct visualisation of the nasal microcirculation in humans.7 8 9 These imaging instruments have had a special impact on intensive care medicine as they have shown the nasal microcirculation to be the most sensitive haemodynamic indicator of outcome and response to treatment.9 10 11 12 These instruments have also identified the microcirculation as a key factor in a wide range of other diseases, including diagnostic support and treatment responses in oncology.13 14 15. The uptake of drugs and responses to allergens observed throughout the nasal mucosa an! Does Donner hide Rudolph 's Christmas Trivia Quiz Game Pic ture s & Jokes you ever wondered what... 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